Visual Artist and Documentary Photographer Masood Sarwer is the Edge of Humanity Magazine contributor of this documentary photography. From the project ‘Burning Both Ends’. To see Masood’s body of work, click on any image.



Tarapur Hospital is the only hospital in Murshidabad district which gives free treatment to beedi workers but one needs beedi cards to avail of these facilities but in reality, most cards are issued to non-beedi workers through bribes and favoritism, resulting in genuine beedi workers being deprived of their benefits & facilities.

Most of the students are beedi rollers or come from the beedi family. Most of the beedi workers admit their children to school, but a majority of girls are pulled out of education by the time they complete primary school to support their family’s income.
Murshidabad is situated on the eastern banks of the Ganges river and shares a 150 km-long porous border with Bangladesh which is notoriously crime-prone for smuggling, human trafficking & prostitution.
Once it was an important center of the silk trade but presently, it is India’s largest center for rolling beedi where almost all young girls roll beedi (hand-rolled cigarette) from their homes, involving a violation of fundamental rights & freedoms.
Due to the changing course of the Ganges, there is a constant loss of agricultural land causing severe erosion to over two million people. One of the major reasons why the beedi industry flourished decades ago.
It has a population of over 7 million where 75% depends on beedi. About 90% workforce constitutes of women & girls who roll beedies from the premises of their homes from an age of 5. Girls go on to roll 1000 sticks of beedi, rocking back & forth for 12–14 hours a day to earn a partial sum of less than 2 dollars. According to NFHS-4 (2015-16),
the Murshidabad district records the highest number of child marriages in India with 39.9%. “Demand in the matrimonial market depends on the speed & accuracy of rolling and education has no place”.
Girls absorb high doses of nicotine through their fingertips & end up inhaling tobacco dust which causes tuberculosis, asthma, anemia, eye infections, gynecological & respiratory problems. Back pain & spondylitis is common due to sitting several hours at a stretch in the same position. They can’t afford treatment in private hospitals & hide their diseases due to slander in the society & continues to roll which makes even worse.
When newborn babies are exposed to tobacco their eyes burn in pain and effects their overall growth.
Currently, India is the second-largest tobacco consumer & third-largest tobacco producer in the world. Out of 20 million beedi workers in India, 80% are females. Each year around 600,000 people’s deaths are tied to beedies. Beedi/pan sectors employ most of India’s 12.66 million child workers. Of India’s total tobacco consumption, 53% is in the form of beedies.
I find the rapid rise of beedi culture disturbing & that’s what drives much of my research & photography.

Children like Shamoli Das are cheated out of play, education and health – effectively denied a childhood and it is a fate of every girl here, who are into rolling beedi.

Girls are knowingly engaged who believe that their nimble fingers are more adept in rolling beedies.
Boys have the liberty to play and roam free while girls are made to roll beedi at home.


She holds her doll which symbolizes an Indian bride. At the age of 3-5, girls get time to play with other children and with their dolls as they are too small to roll beedi and can’t even help in domestic work. Soon within few years, children start to learn the art of rolling beedi and before puberty, they gain mastery over it.

All images and text © Masood Sarwer
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By Masood Sarwer
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